Francium

Hafnium

Francium Hafnium Comparison

Francium

Hafnium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74407357440586

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

NA194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in ²²⁷Actinium 227.

Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.

2.2 Sources

Formed by Decay Process, Mining

By-product Zirconium Refining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Marguerite Perey

Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1939

In 1922

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA7 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.

It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Ammunition Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

27.00 °C2,150.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

677.00 °C5,400.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA5.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA1,450.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA1,520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA3,010.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3332

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.701.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.861.23

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.68NA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

0.671.16

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.302.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

380.00 kJ/mol658.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

NA1,440.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

NA2,250.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA3,216.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

8.32 g/amp-hr1.66 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA3.90 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

8772

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 7s¹

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

8772

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

136106

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

8772

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA159.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

260.00 pm175.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

348.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

223.00 amu178.49 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA13.60 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

8.00 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA319.64 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.58

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.87 g/cm³13.31 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA12.00 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA445.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA30.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA110.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA78.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.37

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA13.31

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

3.00 nΩ·m331.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.03 10⁶/cm Ω0.03 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA0.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.14 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA25.73 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

15.00 W/m·K23.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA5.90 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA661.10 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA25.10 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

71.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA43.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

Compare All Metals

Francium vs Einsteinium

Francium vs Neptunium

Francium vs Actinium

All Metals