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Francium Polonium Comparison

Francium
Polonium
Polonium Francium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Po  
Group Number
1  
17
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1939  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
119.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.07 eV  
33
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
87  
31
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
136  
18
125  
20
Number of Electrons
87  
31
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
348.00 pm  
1
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
440.00 pm  
21
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.60 GPa  
99+
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
6.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.87  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
300.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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