Francium

Rubidium

Francium vs Rubidium

Francium

Rubidium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

1.6 CAS Number

74407357440177

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

NA229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in ²²⁷Actinium 227.

Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.

2.2 Sources

Formed by Decay Process, Mining

Obtained from Lithium Production.

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Marguerite Perey

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1939

In 1861

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.000003 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.

Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

27.00 °C38.89 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

677.00 °C688.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Grayish White

4.3.3 Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA0.30

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA0.22 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA1,300.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3329

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.700.82

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA0.31

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.860.89

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.680.69

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

0.670.71

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.303.18

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

380.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

NA2,633.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

NA3,860.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA5,080.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA6,850.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA8,140.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA9,570.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA13,120.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA14,500.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA26,740.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

8.32 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA2.16 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

8737

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 7s¹

[Kr] 5s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

8737

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

13648

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

8737

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA248.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

260.00 pm220.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

348.00 pm303.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

223.00 amu85.47 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA55.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

8.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA558.50 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.87 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA1.46 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA2.50 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA2.40 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NANA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA1.53

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

3.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.03 10⁶/cm Ω0.08 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA46.90 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.36 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA31.06 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

15.00 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NA2,093.00 K

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA90.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA69.20 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA2.19 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

71.00 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA76.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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