Gadolinium

Darmstadtium

Gadolinium Darmstadtium Comparison

Gadolinium

Darmstadtium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

010

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Lanthanide

Probably Transition

1.6 CAS Number

744054254083771

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.

Not Available

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

Synthetically Produced

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1880

In 1994

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10^-7 %NA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000002 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %NA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NA0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,311.00 °CNA

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,233.00 °CNA

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Unknown

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NANA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

510.00 MPaNA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,680.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

269

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.20NA

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.11NA

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NANA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.80NA

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

593.40 kJ/mol955.20 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,170.00 kJ/mol1,891.10 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

1,990.00 kJ/mol3,029.60 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,250.00 kJ/mol3,955.90 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA5,113.70 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.96 g/amp-hrNA

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

3.10 eVNA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

64110

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸ 7s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

64110

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

93161

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

64110

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

180.00 pm132.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

196.00 pm128.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

237.00 pmNA

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu281.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

19.90 cm3/molNA

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

46.10 (-eV)NA

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

363.60 pmNA

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.59NA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.90 g/cm³NA

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

7.40 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

7.39 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

21.80 GPaNA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

37.90 GPaNA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

54.80 GPaNA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.26NA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

7.90NA

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Ferromagnetic

Unknown

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Unknown

8.2.2 Resistivity

1.31 nΩ·mNA

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.23 J/(kg K)NA

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

37.03 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

10.60 W/m·KNA

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

9.40 µm/(m·K)NA

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

359.40 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.05 kJ/molNA

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

352.00 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

68.10 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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