1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
1.10 CAS Number
74405427440542
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.4 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.3.2 Present in Human Body
5.3.3 In Blood
5.3.6 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,311.00 °C1,311.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C3,233.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
7.7.3 Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa510.00 MPa
121
3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
7.9 Optical Properties
7.9.1 Refractive Index
7.10.1 Reflectivity
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.4 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.7.2 3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.5 4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol4,250.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.8 5th Energy Level
9.7.10 6th Energy Level
9.7.13 7th Energy level
9.7.16 8th Energy Level
9.7.18 9th Energy Level
9.7.20 10th Energy Level
9.7.23 11th Energy Level
9.7.26 12th Energy Level
9.7.29 13th Energy Level
9.7.32 14th Energy Level
9.7.36 15th Energy Level
9.7.39 16th Energy Level
9.7.42 17th Energy Level
9.7.45 18th Energy Level
9.8.1 19th Energy Level
9.9.1 20th Energy Level
10.1.1 21st Energy Level
10.4.2 22nd Energy Level
10.4.4 23rd Energy Level
10.4.6 24th Energy Level
10.5.2 25th Energy Level
10.5.4 26th Energy Level
10.5.6 27th Energy Level
10.6.1 28th Energy Level
10.7.1 29th Energy Level
10.9.1 30th Energy Level
10.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr1.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.12 Electron Work Function
10.15 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
12 Atomic
12.2 Atomic Number
12.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
12.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.4.1 Crystal Lattice
12.5 Atom
12.5.1 Number of Protons
12.5.3 Number of Neutrons
12.6.1 Number of Electrons
12.8 Radius of an Atom
12.8.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
12.9.2 Covalent Radius
196.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
12.9.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
12.10 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
12.12 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.13.1 Previous Element
12.13.2 Next Element
12.14 Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.15 Lattice Constant
363.60 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
12.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm37.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm37.40 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.5 Vapor Pressure
14.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
14.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)7.39 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
14.6 Elasticity properties
14.6.1 Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa21.80 GPa
1.3
222
14.6.3 Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa37.90 GPa
1.6
462
15.1.1 Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa54.80 GPa
1.7
528
15.3 Poisson Ratio
15.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Ferromagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
16.1.4 Susceptibility
16.3 Electrical Properties
16.3.1 Electrical Property
16.3.2 Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m1.31 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.4.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.3 Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K37.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.4 Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K10.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.5 Critical Temperature
17.6 Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)9.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.7 Enthalpy
17.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol359.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol10.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.7.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol352.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.8 Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K68.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1