Symbol
Gd
  
Bh
  
Period Number
6
  
7
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Not Available
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
- Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
  
Discovery
In 1880
  
In 1981
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
  
25
~-9999 %
  
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
- Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
In Bone
Not Available
  
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
Not Available
  
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
  
25
Not Available
  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Unknown
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Unknown Luster
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Gd
  
Bh
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
742.90 kJ/mol
  
23
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol
  
30
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,566.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol
  
30
3,598.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
4,727.80 kJ/mol
  
37
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,991.70 kJ/mol
  
24
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
7,226.80 kJ/mol
  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
Not Available
  
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
Not Available
  
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
NA
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Unknown
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Unknown
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Unknown
  
Resistivity
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
Not Available
  
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
Not Available
  
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Not Available
  
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27
Not Available
  
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
Not Available