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Gadolinium vs Copernicium


Copernicium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Gd   
Cn   

Group Number
0   
18
12   
6

Period Number
6   
7   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440542   
33
54084263   
7

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Not Available   

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Synthetically Produced   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung   

Discovery
In 1880   
In 1996   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
Not Available   

Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
Not Available   

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   

Luster
Metallic   
Unknown Luster   

Hardness
  
  

Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Gd   
Cn   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
1   
34

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,154.90 kJ/mol   
2

2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,170.00 kJ/mol   
9

3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,245.40 kJ/mol   
9

4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
5,499.70 kJ/mol   
14

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Not Available   

Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
64   
99+
112   
6

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
64   
99+
112   
6

Number of Neutrons
93   
37
Not Available   

Number of Electrons
64   
99+
112   
6

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
147.00 pm   
34

Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
122.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
285.00 amu   
5

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Europium
  

Next Element
Terbium
  
Nihonium
  

Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
23.70 g/cm3   
7

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Unknown   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
Not Available   

Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Unknown   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
Not Available   

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