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Gadolinium vs Hassium

Gadolinium
Hassium
Hassium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd  
Hs  
Group Number
0  
18
8  
10
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440542  
33
54037579  
11
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
  • Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1880  
In 1984  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C  
35
-  
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C  
26
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
230.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa  
34
2,450.00 MPa  
5
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.97  
16
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
69.00 %  
14
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Gd  
Hs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
7  
31
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20  
32
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80  
15
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
733.30 kJ/mol  
26
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,756.00 kJ/mol  
25
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,827.00 kJ/mol  
37
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
3,637.50 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,175.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,535.50 kJ/mol  
32
8th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,857.40 kJ/mol  
21
9th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,124.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
68,200.00 kJ/mol  
31
16th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
32,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,089.00 kJ/mol  
22
18th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,086.50 kJ/mol  
19
20th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,086.00 kJ/mol  
30
22nd Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
30th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
64  
99+
108  
10
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64  
99+
108  
10
Number of Neutrons
93  
38
158  
7
Number of Electrons
64  
99+
108  
10
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
134.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
22.70 cm3/mol  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Bohrium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Meitnerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)  
35
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm  
35
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
29
1.31  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
40.70 g/cm3  
1
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
41.00 g/cm3  
1
Tensile Strength
158.00 MPa  
23
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
27
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)  
9
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa  
38
40.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
23
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90  
99+
41.00  
2
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
41.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
63.20 kJ/mol  
19
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.13 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
25.92 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,585.00 K  
38
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
21.20 µm/(m·K)  
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
126.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
57.20 J/mol.K  
29
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