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Gadolinium vs Seaborgium

Gadolinium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd  
Sg  
Group Number
0  
18
6  
12
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440542  
33
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1880  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C  
35
-  
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C  
26
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa  
34
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.97  
16
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Gd  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20  
32
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80  
15
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
64  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
93  
38
157  
8
Number of Electrons
64  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)  
35
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm  
35
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
29
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
158.00 MPa  
23
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)  
9
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa  
38
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
23
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
4
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,585.00 K  
38
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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