Gallium Actinium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Ac
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
4
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440348
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
64.00
9
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Not Available
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
Discovery
In 1875
In 1902
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
1,227.00 °C
38
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
3,200.00 °C
26
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Ac
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.10
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.00
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.90
10
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
499.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,170.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
4,700.00 kJ/mol
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
2.82 g/amp-hr
18
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
89
29
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
89
29
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
138
16
Number of Electrons
31
99+
89
29
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
195.00 pm
7
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
Not Available
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
227.00 amu
25
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
22.54 cm3/mol
11
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
38.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
567.00 pm
8
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
10.00 g/cm3
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
10.07
28
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Unknown
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Not Available
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
27.20 J/mol·K
18
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
12.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
301.00 kJ/mol
36
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
56.50 J/mol.K
25
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