Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
Cmca
I4/mmm
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1875
In 1863
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available