1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405537440166
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
William Hyde Wollaston
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.2.3 Abundance In Oceans
1.7.4 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.4 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.10 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
29.78 °C1,966.00 °C
27
3410
4.4 Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C3,727.00 °C
147
5660
4.7 Appearance
4.7.1 Physical State
4.7.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.7.3 Luster
4.8 Hardness
4.8.1 Mohs Hardness
4.10.3 Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa980.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.1.4 Vickers Hardness
5.6 Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
5.9 Optical Properties
5.9.1 Refractive Index
6.1.2 Reflectivity
6.3 Allotropes
6.3.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.4.1 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.1 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.6 Electronegativity
7.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.7.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.9 Ionization Energies
9.9.1 1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.12.1 2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.1.2 3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.3.1 4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
10.4.2 5th Energy Level
10.6.2 6th Energy Level
10.9.1 7th Energy level
10.10.2 8th Energy Level
10.12.1 9th Energy Level
10.15.1 10th Energy Level
11.1.3 11th Energy Level
11.1.4 12th Energy Level
11.1.7 13th Energy Level
11.3.1 14th Energy Level
12.1.2 15th Energy Level
12.2.5 16th Energy Level
12.3.2 17th Energy Level
12.4.3 18th Energy Level
12.4.6 19th Energy Level
12.4.8 20th Energy Level
12.4.10 21st Energy Level
12.5.1 22nd Energy Level
13.1.1 23rd Energy Level
14.1.2 24th Energy Level
14.2.2 25th Energy Level
14.3.2 26th Energy Level
14.5.1 27th Energy Level
14.5.2 28th Energy Level
14.6.2 29th Energy Level
14.6.3 30th Energy Level
14.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.9 Electron Work Function
1.3 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.4 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
2.5 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
2.5.1 Crystal Lattice
2.6 Atom
2.6.1 Number of Protons
2.8.1 Number of Neutrons
2.12.1 Number of Electrons
2.16 Radius of an Atom
2.16.1 Atomic Radius
135.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
2.16.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pm142.00 pm
96
260
2.17.2 Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
2.18 Atomic Weight
69.72 amu102.91 amu
6.94
294
2.19 Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
2.20 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.20.1 Previous Element
2.20.2 Next Element
2.21 Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.22 Lattice Constant
451.97 pm380.34 pm
228.58
891.25
2.24 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.25 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm310.70 g/cm3
0.512
20
1.3 Tensile Strength
1.4 Viscosity
1.6 Vapor Pressure
1.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.10 Elasticity properties
1.10.1 Shear Modulus
1.12.1 Bulk Modulus
2.4.3 Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa380.00 GPa
1.7
528
2.5 Poisson Ratio
2.6 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
3.1.5 Permeability
3.1.8 Susceptibility
4.3 Electrical Properties
4.3.1 Electrical Property
4.3.2 Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m43.30 nΩ·m
0.18
961
4.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
5.1.1 Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol109.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
6 Thermal
6.1 Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
6.4 Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K24.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
6.5 Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K150.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
6.6 Critical Temperature
6.7 Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)8.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
6.9 Enthalpy
6.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol495.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
6.10.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol21.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
7.2.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol556.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
7.3 Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K31.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1