1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405537440166
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
William Hyde Wollaston
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.8.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.9.1 Abundance In Oceans
2.11.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
29.78 °C1,966.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C3,727.00 °C
147
5660
5.6 Appearance
5.6.1 Physical State
5.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.6.3 Luster
5.7 Hardness
5.7.1 Mohs Hardness
5.7.3 Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa980.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.8.2 Vickers Hardness
5.9 Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
5.10 Optical Properties
5.10.1 Refractive Index
5.10.2 Reflectivity
5.11 Allotropes
5.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.1.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.1.7 Allen Electronegativity
7.3 Electropositivity
7.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.4 Ionization Energies
7.4.1 1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.4.5 3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.1.1 4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.2.1 5th Energy Level
8.2.2 6th Energy Level
8.3.1 7th Energy level
8.4.1 8th Energy Level
8.5.1 9th Energy Level
8.5.2 10th Energy Level
8.6.2 11th Energy Level
8.6.4 12th Energy Level
8.6.6 13th Energy Level
8.6.7 14th Energy Level
8.7.1 15th Energy Level
8.7.2 16th Energy Level
8.7.3 17th Energy Level
8.7.4 18th Energy Level
8.7.5 19th Energy Level
8.7.6 20th Energy Level
8.7.7 21st Energy Level
8.7.8 22nd Energy Level
8.7.9 23rd Energy Level
8.7.10 24th Energy Level
8.7.11 25th Energy Level
8.7.12 26th Energy Level
8.7.13 27th Energy Level
8.7.14 28th Energy Level
8.7.15 29th Energy Level
8.7.16 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
135.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pm142.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
69.72 amu102.91 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
451.97 pm380.34 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm310.70 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa380.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m43.30 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol109.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K24.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K150.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)8.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol495.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol21.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol556.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K31.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1