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Hafnium Cobalt Comparison

Hafnium
Cobalt
Cobalt Hafnium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Co  
Group Number
4  
14
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1922  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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