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Cobalt vs Rutherfordium

Cobalt
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co   
Rf   
Group Number
9   
9
4   
14
Period Number
4   
7   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440484   
38
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1732   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %   
10
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
157   
7
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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