Hafnium Strontium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf
Sr
Group Number
4
14
2
16
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440586
30
7440246
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
William Cruickshank
Discovery
In 1922
In 1787
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
4 * 10-6 %
14
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000005 %
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
31
0.04 %
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
4
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
In Bone
Not Available
140.00 p.p.m.
7
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C
10
769.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C
5
1,384.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa
6
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa
5
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s
27
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf
Sr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
0.95
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.72
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
0.99
37
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.00
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.16
37
0.96
40
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
3.05
7
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol
40
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
7th Energy level
Not Available
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
8th Energy Level
Not Available
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
9th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
10th Energy Level
Not Available
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
11th Energy Level
Not Available
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV
27
2.59 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72
99+
38
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Kr] 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
72
99+
38
99+
Number of Neutrons
106
29
50
99+
Number of Electrons
72
99+
38
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
215.00 pm
5
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
195.00 pm
15
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
249.00 pm
7
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu
39
87.62 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol
38
33.70 cm3/mol
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)
16
25.70 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm
99+
608.49 pm
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
12
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3
26
2.64 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3
12
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
121.00 (Pa)
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
6.03 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
Not Available
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa
25
15.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.31
18
2.64
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m
14
132.00 nΩ·m
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
5.03 kJ/mol
38
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K
36
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K
99+
35.40 W/m·K
37
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol
5
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol
8
9.16 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol
5
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K
34
55.00 J/mol.K
26
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