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Hafnium vs Aluminium

Hafnium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf   
Al   
Group Number
4   
14
13   
5
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440586   
30
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1922   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
31
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
Not Available   
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C   
10
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C   
5
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa   
6
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa   
5
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s   
27
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.16   
37
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV   
27
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
106   
29
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
72   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu   
39
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)   
16
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
12
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3   
26
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3   
12
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa   
8
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa   
25
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31   
18
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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