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Hafnium vs Osmium

Hafnium
Osmium
Osmium vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Os  
Group Number
4  
14
8  
10
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1922  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
114  
26
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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