Hafnium vs Platinum
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf
Pt
Group Number
4
14
10
8
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440586
30
7440064
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Antonio de Ulloa
Discovery
In 1922
In 1735
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
27
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C
10
1,772.00 °C
16
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C
5
3,827.00 °C
15
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
3.50
11
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa
6
300.00 MPa
34
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa
5
400.00 MPa
25
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s
27
2,800.00 m/s
29
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf
Pt
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
2.28
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.44
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.16
37
1.72
16
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol
40
870.00 kJ/mol
10
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV
27
5.65 eV
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72
99+
78
38
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
72
99+
78
38
Number of Neutrons
106
29
117
24
Number of Electrons
72
99+
78
38
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
136.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
175.00 pm
36
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu
39
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol
38
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)
16
392.42 (-eV)
1
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm
99+
392.42 pm
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
12
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3
26
21.45 g/cm3
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3
12
19.77 g/cm3
2
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa
8
125.00 MPa
14
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
0.07 (Pa)
18
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
61.00 GPa
14
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
230.00 GPa
6
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa
25
168.00 GPa
14
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.38
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.31
18
21.45
4
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m
14
105.00 nΩ·m
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
205.30 kJ/mol
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K
36
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K
99+
71.60 W/m·K
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol
5
510.50 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol
8
19.70 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol
5
565.00 kJ/mol
11
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K
34
41.60 J/mol.K
36
|
||
|
||
|
