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Platinum vs Hafnium


Hafnium vs Platinum


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pt   
Hf   

Group Number
10   
8
4   
14

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440586   
30

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   

Discovery
In 1735   
In 1922   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
7 * 10-8 %   
25

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
37

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Ammunition Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
2,150.00 °C   
10

Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
5,400.00 °C   
5

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
5.50   
7

Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
1,450.00 MPa   
6

Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
1,520.00 MPa   
5

Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
3,010.00 m/s   
27

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pt   
Hf   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.30   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.23   
25

Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.16   
37

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
658.50 kJ/mol   
40

2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
3.90 eV   
27

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
78   
38
72   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
78   
38
72   
99+

Number of Neutrons
117   
24
106   
29

Number of Electrons
78   
38
72   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
159.00 pm   
28

Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
23

Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
178.49 amu   
39

Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
13.60 cm3/mol   
38

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Iridium
  
Lutetium
  

Next Element
Gold
  
Tantalum
  

Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
81.00 (-eV)   
16

Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
319.64 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
13.31 g/cm3   
26

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
12.00 g/cm3   
12

Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
445.00 MPa   
8

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
24

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
30.00 GPa   
23

Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
110.00 GPa   
15

Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
78.00 GPa   
25

Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.37   
7

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
13.31   
18

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
331.00 nΩ·m   
14

Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39

Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
0.00 kJ/mol   
40

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37

Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.73 J/mol·K   
36

Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
23.00 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
661.10 kJ/mol   
5

Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
25.10 kJ/mol   
8

Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
703.00 kJ/mol   
5

Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
43.60 J/mol.K   
34

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