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Platinum vs Hafnium

Platinum
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Hf  
Group Number
10  
8
4  
14
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,520.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
3,010.00 m/s  
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
71.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.16  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
3.90 eV  
36
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
106  
30
Number of Electrons
78  
38
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
13.31 g/cm3  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
12.00 g/cm3  
31
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
445.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
78.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
13.31  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
13
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
2,500.00 K  
11
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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