Platinum Hafnium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Hf
Group Number
10
8
4
14
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440586
30
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
By-product Zirconium Refining
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Discovery
In 1735
In 1922
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
2,150.00 °C
10
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
5,400.00 °C
5
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
1,450.00 MPa
6
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
1,520.00 MPa
5
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
3,010.00 m/s
27
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Hf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
1.16
37
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
658.50 kJ/mol
40
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
3.90 eV
27
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
72
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
72
99+
Number of Neutrons
117
24
106
29
Number of Electrons
78
38
72
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
178.49 amu
39
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
13.60 cm3/mol
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
81.00 (-eV)
16
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
319.64 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
13.31 g/cm3
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
12.00 g/cm3
12
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
445.00 MPa
8
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
24
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
78.00 GPa
25
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
13.31
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
331.00 nΩ·m
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.73 J/mol·K
36
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
23.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
661.10 kJ/mol
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
25.10 kJ/mol
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
703.00 kJ/mol
5
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
43.60 J/mol.K
34
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