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Hafnium vs Zinc

Hafnium
Zinc
Zinc vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Zn  
Group Number
4  
14
12  
6
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In 1922  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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