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Holmium vs Livermorium

Holmium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Holmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho  
Lv  
Group Number
3  
15
16  
2
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440600  
29
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1878  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C  
30
-  
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
-  
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa  
14
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa  
36
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.67  
29
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ho  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23  
38
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.23  
30
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.23  
37
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.23  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77  
17
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
67  
99+
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67  
99+
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
98  
35
160  
5
Number of Electrons
67  
99+
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu  
99+
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol  
36
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)  
32
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm  
99+
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa  
35
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa  
37
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa  
33
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
29
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80  
99+
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K  
25
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,747.00 K  
34
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol  
99+
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol  
35
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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