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Holmium vs Thulium

Holmium
Thulium
Thulium vs Holmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho  
Tm  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440600  
29
7440304  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine  
Per Teodor Cleve  
Discovery
In 1878  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
1 * 10-8 %  
30
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.00000002 %  
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Unknown  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C  
30
1,545.00 °C  
23
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
1,730.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa  
13
471.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa  
23
520.00 MPa  
21
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
30
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho  
Tm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23  
37
1.25  
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
30
1.11  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77  
17
2.75  
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
34
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
29
2.10 g/amp-hr  
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67  
99+
69  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Neutrons
98  
34
100  
32
Number of Electrons
67  
99+
69  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
18
176.00 pm  
18
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
160.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
24
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu  
99+
168.93 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol  
24
18.10 cm3/mol  
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)  
31
49.70 (-eV)  
28
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm  
38
353.75 pm  
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
17
1.57  
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3  
26
8.56 g/cm3  
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.06 (Pa)  
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa  
28
30.50 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa  
32
44.50 GPa  
26
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa  
31
74.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
29
0.21  
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80  
35
9.32  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
35
0.16 J/(kg K)  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K  
19
27.03 J/mol·K  
22
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
35
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol  
38
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol  
29
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
36
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
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