Holmium Ytterbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho
Yb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440600
29
7440644
26
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1878
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C
30
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa
13
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa
23
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s
30
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23
37
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.06
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77
17
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67
99+
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
67
99+
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
98
34
103
31
Number of Electrons
67
99+
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu
99+
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol
24
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)
31
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm
38
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3
99+
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3
26
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
16
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa
28
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa
32
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa
31
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23
29
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.80
35
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m
4
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K
19
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K
99+
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol
38
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol
29
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K
8
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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