Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Unknown
Discovery
In 1863
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
5th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available