1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
1.7 CAS Number
74407467440713
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.2.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.3.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
5.1.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
6.2.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Chemical Industry
6.2.2 Medical Uses
6.2.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Nuclear Research
6.4 Biological Properties
6.4.1 Toxicity
6.4.2 Present in Human Body
6.4.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.5.1 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
156.61 °C900.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
7.9 Speed of Sound
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.10.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.2 Electropositivity
9.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.3 Ionization Energies
9.3.1 1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.4.1 2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.1 3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.2 4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.2 5th Energy Level
9.7.4 6th Energy Level
9.7.5 7th Energy level
9.8.1 8th Energy Level
10.1.2 9th Energy Level
10.1.5 10th Energy Level
10.2.3 11th Energy Level
10.2.5 12th Energy Level
10.2.7 13th Energy Level
11.2.1 14th Energy Level
11.3.1 15th Energy Level
11.3.2 16th Energy Level
11.4.1 17th Energy Level
11.5.1 18th Energy Level
11.6.2 19th Energy Level
11.6.4 20th Energy Level
11.6.6 21st Energy Level
11.7.1 22nd Energy Level
11.7.2 23rd Energy Level
11.7.3 24th Energy Level
11.7.4 25th Energy Level
11.7.5 26th Energy Level
11.7.6 27th Energy Level
11.7.7 28th Energy Level
11.7.8 29th Energy Level
11.7.9 30th Energy Level
11.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.9 Electron Work Function
11.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.4.2 Number of Neutrons
12.4.3 Number of Electrons
12.5 Radius of an Atom
12.5.1 Atomic Radius
167.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
12.5.2 Covalent Radius
12.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
12.6 Atomic Weight
114.82 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
12.7 Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
12.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.8.1 Previous Element
12.8.2 Next Element
12.9 Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.10 Lattice Constant
325.23 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
12.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.5 Elasticity properties
13.5.1 Shear Modulus
13.5.2 Bulk Modulus
13.5.3 Young's Modulus
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable, Sectile
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.4 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
14.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.2.4 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
15.4 Critical Temperature
15.5 Thermal Expansion
15.6 Enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
15.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
15.7 Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1