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Indium vs Chromium

Indium
Chromium
Chromium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Cr   
Group Number
13   
5
6   
12
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1863   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
Not Available   
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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