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Indium vs Gold

Indium
Gold
Gold vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Au   
Group Number
13   
5
11   
7
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1863   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gold   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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