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Indium vs Holmium

Indium
Holmium
Holmium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Ho   
Group Number
13   
5
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440600   
29
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Marc Delafontaine   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1878   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
38
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,461.00 °C   
30
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,600.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
746.00 MPa   
13
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
481.00 MPa   
23
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
2,760.00 m/s   
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Ho   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.23   
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.10   
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.77   
17
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
67   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
67   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
98   
34
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
67   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
192.00 pm   
17
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
216.00 pm   
24
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
164.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Dysprosium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Erbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
47.90 (-eV)   
31
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
357.73 pm   
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
8.34 g/cm3   
26
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
26.30 GPa   
28
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
40.20 GPa   
32
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
64.80 GPa   
31
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.23   
29
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
8.80   
35
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
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