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Indium vs Nickel

Indium
Nickel
Nickel vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Ni   
Group Number
13   
5
10   
8
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
Not Available   
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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