Indium

Palladium

Indium vs Palladium

Indium

Palladium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1310

0 17

1.4 Period Number

2 7

1.8 Block

p block

d block

1.9 Element Family

Post-Transition

Transition Metal

1.10 CAS Number

74407467440053

7429905 54386242

1.13 Space Group Name

I4/mmm

Fm_ 3m

1.14 Space Group Number

139.00225.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.

Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)

In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.

Palladium element is known as a good catalyst

3.3 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals

Ores of metals

3.4 History

3.4.1 Who Discovered

Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter

William Hyde Wollaston

3.4.3 Discovery

In 1863

In 1803

3.6 Abundance

3.6.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10^-8 %2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

3.6.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.0000003 %

1E-08 0.1

3.6.4 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.6.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.6.8 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

3.6.9 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.

Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.

Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Medical Research

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors

Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NANA

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

NANA

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

156.61 °C1,554.90 °C

27 3410

6.2 Boiling Point

2,000.00 °C2,963.00 °C

147 5660

7.2 Appearance

7.2.1 Physical State

Solid

7.2.2 Color

Silvery Gray

Silver

7.2.3 Luster

Lustrous

Metallic

7.3 Hardness

7.3.1 Mohs Hardness

1.204.75

0.2 8.5

7.3.2 Brinell Hardness

8.80 MPa320.00 MPa

0.14 3490

7.4.1 Vickers Hardness

NA121.00 MPa

121 3430

7.7 Speed of Sound

1,215.00 m/s3,070.00 m/s

818 16200

7.8 Optical Properties

7.8.1 Refractive Index

NA1.72

1.000933 1.7229

7.8.3 Reflectivity

NA84.00 %

58 97

7.9 Allotropes

✔ ✘

7.9.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

7.9.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

7.9.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

8 Chemical

8.1 Chemical Formula

8.2 Isotopes

8.2.1 Known Isotopes

3538

0 38

8.3 Electronegativity

8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.782.20

0.7 2.54

8.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.14NA

0.22 2.56

8.5.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.491.35

0.86 1.82

8.6.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.76NA

0.62 2.48

9.2.2 Allen Electronegativity

1.661.59

0.659 2.7

9.4 Electropositivity

9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.221.80

1.46 3.3

9.5 Ionization Energies

9.5.1 1st Energy Level

558.30 kJ/mol520.23 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,820.70 kJ/mol7,298.22 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.5.4 3rd Energy Level

2,704.00 kJ/mol11,815.13 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.5.6 4th Energy Level

5,210.00 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

9.5.8 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

9.5.9 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

9.6.2 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

9.7.2 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

9.7.4 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

9.7.6 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

9.7.8 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

9.7.9 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

9.7.12 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

9.7.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

9.7.16 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

9.7.18 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

9.7.20 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

9.7.21 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

9.7.22 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.7.24 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.7.26 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.7.28 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.7.29 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.7.31 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.7.32 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.7.34 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.7.36 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.7.38 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.7.39 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.7.41 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.43 g/amp-hr1.99 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.9 Electron Work Function

4.12 eV5.12 eV

2.14 5.65

9.10 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

4946

3 117

10.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹

[Kr] 4d¹⁰

10.3 Crystal Structure

Tetragonal (TETR)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

10.3.1 Crystal Lattice

10.4 Atom

10.4.1 Number of Protons

4946

3 117

10.4.3 Number of Neutrons

6660

4 184

10.4.6 Number of Electrons

4946

3 117

10.5 Radius of an Atom

10.5.1 Atomic Radius

167.00 pm137.00 pm

112 265

10.5.3 Covalent Radius

142.00 pm139.00 pm

96 260

10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius

193.00 pm163.00 pm

139 348

10.7 Atomic Weight

114.82 amu106.42 amu

6.94 294

10.9 Atomic Volume

15.70 cm3/mol8.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

10.10.1 Previous Element

10.10.2 Next Element

10.11 Valence Electron Potential

54.00 (-eV)33.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.2 Lattice Constant

325.23 pm389.07 pm

228.58 891.25

11.6 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

11.7 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

12 Mechanical

12.1 Density

12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.31 g/cm³12.02 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

12.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

7.02 g/cm310.38 g/cm3

0.512 20

12.2 Tensile Strength

2.50 MPaNA

2.5 11000

12.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

12.5 Vapor Pressure

12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.01 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

12.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

12.6 Elasticity properties

12.6.1 Shear Modulus

NA44.00 GPa

1.3 222

12.6.3 Bulk Modulus

NA180.00 GPa

1.6 462

12.7.1 Young's Modulus

11.00 GPa121.00 GPa

1.7 528

12.9 Poisson Ratio

NA0.39

0.032 0.47

12.10 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

13 Magnetic

13.1 Magnetic Characteristics

13.1.1 Specific Gravity

7.3112.02

0.53 4500

13.3.1 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

13.3.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

13.4.1 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

13.7 Electrical Properties

13.7.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

13.7.2 Resistivity

83.70 nΩ·m105.40 nΩ·m

0.18 961

14.1.2 Electrical Conductivity

0.12 10⁶/cm Ω0.10 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

14.1.4 Electron Affinity

28.90 kJ/mol54.23 kJ/mol

0 222.8

15 Thermal

15.1 Specific Heat

0.23 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

15.3 Molar Heat Capacity

26.74 J/mol·K25.98 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

15.5 Thermal Conductivity

81.80 W/m·K71.80 W/m·K

6.3 429

15.7 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

15.8 Thermal Expansion

32.10 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

15.10 Enthalpy

15.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

226.40 kJ/mol376.60 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

15.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

3.28 kJ/mol16.74 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

15.10.5 Enthalpy of Atomization

242.70 kJ/mol393.30 kJ/mol

61.5 837

15.11 Standard Molar Entropy

57.80 J/mol.K37.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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