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Indium vs Rubidium

Indium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Rb   
Group Number
13   
5
1   
17
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Grayish White   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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