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Indium vs Rubidium

Indium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Rb  
Group Number
13  
5
1  
17
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
p block  
s block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1863  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.01 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
3.41  
1
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
In  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
17
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
9
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
14
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
18
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
21
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
31
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
49  
99+
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
26
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
38
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
26
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.90 GPa  
27
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
34
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
429.75 K  
99+
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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