Iridium

Cerium

Iridium Cerium Comparison

Iridium

Cerium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

9NA

0 17

1.4 Period Number

2 7

1.7 Block

d block

f block

1.8 Element Family

Transition Metal

Lanthanide

1.9 CAS Number

74398857440451

7429905 54386242

1.11 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.12 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .

Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.

It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.

Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Smithson Tennant

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10^-7 %1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000002 %~0.0000004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.1.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.1.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.1.7 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.

It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.

Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Chemical Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Medical Research

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

Moderately Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

NA2.70 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

2,410.00 °C795.00 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

4,527.00 °C3,257.00 °C

147 5660

6.2 Appearance

6.2.1 Physical State

Solid

6.2.2 Color

Silvery White

6.2.3 Luster

Metallic

Lustrous

6.3 Hardness

6.3.1 Mohs Hardness

6.502.50

0.2 8.5

6.4.1 Brinell Hardness

1,670.00 MPa186.00 MPa

0.14 3490

6.5.1 Vickers Hardness

1,760.00 MPa210.00 MPa

121 3430

6.7 Speed of Sound

4,825.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s

818 16200

6.10 Optical Properties

6.10.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

6.10.2 Reflectivity

78.00 %NA

58 97

6.11 Allotropes

✔ ✘

6.11.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

6.11.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

6.11.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

7 Chemical

7.1 Chemical Formula

7.2 Isotopes

7.2.1 Known Isotopes

3430

0 38

7.3 Electronegativity

7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.201.12

0.7 2.54

7.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

7.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.551.08

0.86 1.82

7.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

7.4.3 Allen Electronegativity

1.68NA

0.659 2.7

7.5 Electropositivity

7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.802.88

1.46 3.3

7.6 Ionization Energies

7.6.1 1st Energy Level

880.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.6.2 2nd Energy Level

1,600.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.6.3 3rd Energy Level

NA1,949.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.6.4 4th Energy Level

NA3,547.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.6.5 5th Energy Level

NA6,325.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

7.6.6 6th Energy Level

NA7,490.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

7.6.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

7.6.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

7.6.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

7.6.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

7.6.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

7.6.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

7.6.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

7.6.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

7.6.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

7.6.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

7.6.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

7.6.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

7.6.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

7.6.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

7.6.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

7.6.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

7.6.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

7.6.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

7.6.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

7.6.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

7.6.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

7.6.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

7.6.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

7.6.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

7.7 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.14 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

7.8 Electron Work Function

4.55 eV2.84 eV

2.14 5.65

7.9 Other Chemical Properties

Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

8 Atomic

8.1 Atomic Number

7758

3 117

8.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²

[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

8.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

8.3.1 Crystal Lattice

8.4 Atom

8.4.1 Number of Protons

7458

3 117

8.4.2 Number of Neutrons

11082

4 184

8.4.3 Number of Electrons

7458

3 117

8.5 Radius of an Atom

8.5.1 Atomic Radius

136.00 pm181.80 pm

112 265

8.5.2 Covalent Radius

141.00 pm204.00 pm

96 260

8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

202.00 pm235.00 pm

139 348

8.6 Atomic Weight

192.22 amu140.12 amu

6.94 294

8.7 Atomic Volume

9.53 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

8.8.1 Previous Element

8.8.2 Next Element

8.9 Valence Electron Potential

140.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)

8 392.42

8.10 Lattice Constant

383.90 pm362.00 pm

228.58 891.25

8.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

9 Mechanical

9.1 Density

9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

22.56 g/cm³6.77 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

19.00 g/cm36.55 g/cm3

0.512 20

9.2 Tensile Strength

2,000.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

9.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

9.4 Vapor Pressure

9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)1.04 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

9.5 Elasticity properties

9.5.1 Shear Modulus

210.00 GPa13.50 GPa

1.3 222

9.5.2 Bulk Modulus

320.00 GPa21.50 GPa

1.6 462

9.5.3 Young's Modulus

528.00 GPa33.60 GPa

1.7 528

9.6 Poisson Ratio

0.260.24

0.032 0.47

9.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

10 Magnetic

10.1 Magnetic Characteristics

10.1.1 Specific Gravity

21.786.77

0.53 4500

10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

10.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

10.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

10.2 Electrical Properties

10.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

10.2.2 Resistivity

47.10 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.19 10⁶/cm Ω0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

10.2.4 Electron Affinity

151.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

11 Thermal

11.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

11.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.10 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

11.3 Thermal Conductivity

147.00 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K

6.3 429

11.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

11.5 Thermal Expansion

6.40 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

11.6 Enthalpy

11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

799.10 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

35.23 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

837.00 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

11.7 Standard Molar Entropy

35.50 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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