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Iridium vs Niobium

Iridium
Niobium
Niobium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Nb   
Group Number
9   
9
5   
13
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
Not Available   
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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