Iridium vs Niobium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Nb
Group Number
9
9
5
13
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1803
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
52
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
Not Available
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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