Iridium vs Zirconium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Zr
Group Number
9
9
4
14
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440677
23
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1803
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
5 * 10-6 %
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
In Bone
Not Available
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
1,852.00 °C
15
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
4,377.00 °C
11
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
638.00 MPa
19
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
820.00 MPa
15
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
3,800.00 m/s
20
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.33
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.90
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.22
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.32
34
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.67
24
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.05 eV
26
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
40
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
40
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
51
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
40
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
91.22 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
14.10 cm3/mol
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
80.00 (-eV)
18
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
323.20 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
6.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
21
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
33.00 GPa
20
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
91.10 GPa
17
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
88.00 GPa
22
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
6.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
22.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
598.00 kJ/mol
10
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
39.00 J/mol.K
39
|
||
|
||
|
