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Zirconium vs Iridium

Zirconium
Iridium
Iridium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Ir  
Group Number
4  
14
9  
9
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
110  
28
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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