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Zirconium vs Iridium

Zirconium
Iridium
Iridium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Ir  
Group Number
4  
14
9  
9
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %  
13
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %  
16
~0.0000002 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
Not Available  
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
23
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
19
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
15
1,760.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
20
4,825.00 m/s  
13
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
78.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
30
2.20  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
25
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
26
1.55  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
34
1.68  
17
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
35
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
26
4.55 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40  
99+
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
110  
27
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
27
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
23
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
202.00 pm  
27
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
36
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
26
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
8
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
19.00 g/cm3  
3
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
12
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
20
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
17
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
22
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
21.78  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
27
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
9
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
10
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
39
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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