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Zirconium vs Vanadium

Zirconium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
V  
Group Number
4  
14
5  
13
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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