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Zirconium vs Vanadium

Zirconium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr   
V   
Group Number
4   
14
5   
13
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440677   
23
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
40   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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