Symbol
Fe
  
Co
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Georg Brandt
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In 1732
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
3
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
  
18
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
  
5
0.04 p.p.m.
  
27
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
  
25
1,495.00 °C
  
29
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
  
37
2,870.00 °C
  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Gray
  
Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
  
11
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
  
8
4,720.00 m/s
  
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
Yes
  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
  
α-Cobalt
  
β Allotropes
beta Iron
  
β-Cobalt
  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Fe
  
Co
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
  
17
760.40 kJ/mol
  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
  
36
1,648.00 kJ/mol
  
31
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
  
29
3,232.00 kJ/mol
  
22
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
  
16
4,950.00 kJ/mol
  
19
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
  
16
7,670.00 kJ/mol
  
12
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
  
14
9,840.00 kJ/mol
  
12
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
  
15
12,440.00 kJ/mol
  
11
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
  
14
15,230.00 kJ/mol
  
12
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
  
5
17,959.00 kJ/mol
  
13
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
  
8
26,570.00 kJ/mol
  
7
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
29,400.00 kJ/mol
  
8
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
  
9
32,400.00 kJ/mol
  
8
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
  
9
36,600.00 kJ/mol
  
8
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
  
11
39,700.00 kJ/mol
  
9
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
  
11
42,800.00 kJ/mol
  
12
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
  
13
49,396.00 kJ/mol
  
11
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
52,737.00 kJ/mol
  
13
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
  
2
134,810.00 kJ/mol
  
1
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
  
3
145,170.00 kJ/mol
  
2
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
  
5
154,700.00 kJ/mol
  
4
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
  
5
167,400.00 kJ/mol
  
4
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
178,100.00 kJ/mol
  
3
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
  
4
189,300.00 kJ/mol
  
3
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
  
20
95.20 (-eV)
  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
  
99+
4.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
  
1
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
Ductile
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Permeability
6.3 * 10
-3 H/m
  
1
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Poor Conductor
  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
  
20
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
  
34
7.60 kJ/mol
  
37
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
  
13
0.52 J/(kg K)
  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
  
22
21.90 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
8.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
  
23
429.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
  
22
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
  
19
468.60 kJ/mol
  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+