Iron vs Vanadium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
V
Group Number
8
10
5
13
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7440622
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.45
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
26
99+
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Not Available
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
