Vanadium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
V
Fe
Group Number
5
13
8
10
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440622
27
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Unknown
Discovery
In 1801
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %
10
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %
13
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
14
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %
12
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
14
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
31
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C
13
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C
20
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.70
4
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa
20
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa
17
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s
17
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
61.00 %
14
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
V
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
22
17
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63
20
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39
17
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.53
26
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37
34
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
23
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
23
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
28
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
23
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm
33
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)
6
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3
99+
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa
6
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)
16
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa
16
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa
11
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa
15
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.96
99+
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m
19
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol
20
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K
39
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol
14
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol
13
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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