Symbol
V
  
Fe
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
  
Unknown
  
Discovery
In 1801
  
Before 5000 BC
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
36
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
  
31
380.00 p.p.m.
  
5
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C
  
13
1,535.00 °C
  
25
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C
  
20
2,750.00 °C
  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
  
Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s
  
17
5,120.00 m/s
  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
Yes
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
beta Iron
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
gamma Iron
  
Chemical Formula
V
  
Fe
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
  
36
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol
  
35
2,957.00 kJ/mol
  
29
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol
  
25
5,290.00 kJ/mol
  
16
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol
  
23
7,240.00 kJ/mol
  
16
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol
  
5
9,560.00 kJ/mol
  
14
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol
  
5
12,060.00 kJ/mol
  
15
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol
  
7
14,580.00 kJ/mol
  
14
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol
  
7
22,540.00 kJ/mol
  
5
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol
  
12
25,290.00 kJ/mol
  
8
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol
  
15
28,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol
  
12
31,920.00 kJ/mol
  
9
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol
  
12
34,830.00 kJ/mol
  
9
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol
  
1
37,840.00 kJ/mol
  
11
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol
  
2
44,100.00 kJ/mol
  
11
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol
  
3
47,206.00 kJ/mol
  
13
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol
  
4
122,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol
  
5
131,000.00 kJ/mol
  
2
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol
  
6
140,500.00 kJ/mol
  
3
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol
  
8
152,600.00 kJ/mol
  
5
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol
  
8
163,000.00 kJ/mol
  
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
  
173,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
188,100.00 kJ/mol
  
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
  
195,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol
  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)
  
6
67.00 (-eV)
  
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3
  
99+
7.87 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
  
1
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
6.3 * 10
-3 H/m
  
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m
  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
35
0.10 106/cm Ω
  
20
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol
  
20
15.70 kJ/mol
  
34
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)
  
10
0.44 J/(kg K)
  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K
  
39
80.40 W/m·K
  
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol
  
14
351.00 kJ/mol
  
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
  
14
14.90 kJ/mol
  
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol
  
13
414.20 kJ/mol
  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K
  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+