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Lawrencium vs Copper

Lawrencium
Copper
Copper vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Cu  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Copper  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
103  
15
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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