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Lawrencium vs Lead

Lawrencium
Lead
Lead vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Pb  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
125  
20
Number of Electrons
103  
15
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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