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Lithium Promethium Comparison

Lithium
Promethium
Promethium Lithium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Pm   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1817   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
Summary >>
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