Lithium vs Aluminium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Al
Group Number
1
17
13
5
Period Number
2
3
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1817
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
Not Available
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
Not Available
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
14
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
0.00 (Pa)
18
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
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