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Lithium vs Nickel

Lithium
Nickel
Nickel vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Ni  
Group Number
1  
17
10  
8
Period Number
2  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %  
18
6 * 10-3 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %  
11
~0.008 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
17
0.70 p.p.m.  
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
21
4.00  
10
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
638.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
3
4,900.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
72.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.91  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
26
1.94  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
38
1.75  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
19
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
1.88  
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
25
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
37
5.15 eV  
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
31
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
40
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
39
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
345.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
8.90  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
Not Available  
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
19
0.14 106/cm Ω  
13
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
16
112.00 kJ/mol  
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
31
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
1
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
371.80 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
422.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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