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Lithium vs Protactinium

Lithium
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Pa  
Group Number
1  
17
3  
15
Period Number
2  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
7440133  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
139.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1900  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
1,568.00 °C  
21
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
4,027.00 °C  
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
23
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
125.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa  
99+
220.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
6
12,400.00 m/s  
3
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.35  
99+
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li  
Pa  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.14  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
99+
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
1.50  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
99+
5.89 eV  
3
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
3  
99+
91  
27
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
91  
27
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
122  
22
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
91  
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
33
163.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
11
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
99+
243.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
231.04 amu  
24
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
92.00 (-eV)  
11
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
392.50 pm  
26
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
21
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
10
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
26
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
15.37  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
16
0.00  
21
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
47.00 W/m·K  
32
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
5
1,841.00 K  
25
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
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