1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74399327440188
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Karl Ernst Claus
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.1.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.4.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C2,250.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C3,900.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.3 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa2,160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.6.1 Vickers Hardness
7.2 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s5,970.00 m/s
818
16200
7.3 Optical Properties
7.3.1 Refractive Index
7.3.2 Reflectivity
7.4 Allotropes
7.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol710.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.2 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol2,747.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.4 4th Energy Level
9.8.5 5th Energy Level
9.8.7 6th Energy Level
9.9.1 7th Energy level
9.9.2 8th Energy Level
9.9.3 9th Energy Level
9.9.4 10th Energy Level
9.9.5 11th Energy Level
9.9.6 12th Energy Level
9.9.7 13th Energy Level
9.9.8 14th Energy Level
9.9.9 15th Energy Level
9.9.10 16th Energy Level
9.9.11 17th Energy Level
9.9.13 18th Energy Level
9.9.15 19th Energy Level
9.9.17 20th Energy Level
9.9.18 21st Energy Level
9.9.20 22nd Energy Level
9.9.21 23rd Energy Level
9.10.2 24th Energy Level
9.10.3 25th Energy Level
9.11.2 26th Energy Level
9.11.4 27th Energy Level
9.11.6 28th Energy Level
9.11.7 29th Energy Level
9.11.9 30th Energy Level
9.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.13 Electron Work Function
9.14 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.4.5 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
10.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm270.59 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm310.65 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
11.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa173.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.4 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa220.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.6 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa447.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.4 Permeability
12.2.1 Susceptibility
12.3 Electrical Properties
12.3.1 Electrical Property
12.3.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.1.2 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol101.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.5 Critical Temperature
14.6 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)6.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
1.2 Enthalpy
1.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.4.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol25.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.6.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.10 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1