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Lutetium
Lutetium

Scandium
Scandium



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Lutetium
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Scandium

Lutetium Scandium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Lu
Sc
1.2 Group Number
NA3
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
64
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399437440202
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Lars Fredrik Nilson
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1906
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %3 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,652.00 °C1,539.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C2,832.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa750.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Lu
Sc
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3513
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.271.36
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.02
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.141.20
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.19
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.732.64
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol8,843.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA10,679.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA13,310.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA15,250.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA17,370.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA21,726.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA24,102.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA66,320.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA73,010.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA80,160.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA89,490.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA97,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA105,600.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA117,000.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA124,270.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.30 eV3.50 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
7121
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
7121
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10424
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
7121
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
174.00 pm162.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm211.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
174.97 amu44.96 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
350.31 pm330.90 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.59
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm32.80 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)91.30 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa29.10 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa56.60 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa74.40 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.260.28
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.842.99
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1